Government filing fees at the amounts published in the USCIS fee schedule, Form G-1055, and professional costs that are substantial in a direct investment: independent legal advice, source-of-funds preparation, business valuation, and an economist's or accountant's work on the job-creation plan.
A direct investment moves cost from the offering onto the investor
Investors comparing routes often notice that a regional centre offering charges an administrative fee on top of the capital and conclude that a direct investment is cheaper. Some of that cost simply relocates. Where a regional centre supplies an economic report, a business plan and structured documentation, a direct investor commissions those herself: a business plan capable of supporting the job creation claimed, an accountant to model the hiring schedule, and counsel to structure the transaction so the enterprise, the investment and the management role all satisfy the requirements.
Source-of-funds preparation is its own line item, and for a practice wind-up combined with an estate it is a genuine piece of work rather than a form-filling exercise. Government fees for the petition, for any adjustment or consular processing, and later for Form I-829 are published in the fee schedule and should be read there. One thing that is not a cost but must be understood as exposure: the capital has to remain at risk, so it cannot be treated as a deposit, and an arrangement guaranteeing its return would disqualify the investment.